A Comprehensive Review on the Use of Herbal Dietary Supplements in the USA, Reasons for Their Use, and Review of Potential Hepatotoxicity

Herbal and dietary supplement (HDS) use has grown exponentially in the United States. Unfortunately, incidence of HDS-related liver injury proportionally increased. Despite potential for certain HDSs to cause clinically significant injury, they are not regulated by Food Drug Administration. Recent efforts have been made regulate but far removed from scrutiny prescription medications. Scant literature exists on their risks causing injury. In this comprehensive review, we examine trends HDS States pathophysiologic mechanisms drug-induced (DILI) HDSs. Finally, review usage rates; benefits, if any; purported pathophysiology DILI; propensity progression fulminant hepatic failure nine linked DILI.